Resolution

How does Access determine which security entity gets precedence in a full mesh access federation setup

AuthorFullName__c
Itamar Berman-Eshel
articleNumber
000004442
ft:sourceType
Salesforce
FirstPublishedDate
2019-03-24T08:45:02Z
lastModifiedDate
2023-01-22T11:05:53Z
VersionNumber
4

If you have an entity by the same name on both instances, Access will check the last updated date on both entities and give precedence to the last updated.
So if a user was updated in instance B later than in instance A, when syncing from A to B, Access will ignore the push since instance B is newer, and on the sync from B to A, the user will be synced to instance A and overwritten there.